Open World

CertiKFiles named in the report

CertiK reviewed OpenWorld (Open World) on 16 May 2023: 30 findings, 0 critical; 14 marked fixed, 6 acknowledged, 10 open.

No open critical findings
Open the reportOpen OpenWorld’s security record

Report hosted on skynet.certik.com.

Trustblock does not review code.

Findings30

Statuses are the security firm’s own, from its report.

SeverityOpenAcknowledgedFixed
Critical000
High040
Medium021
Low10013
HighCentralization Related RisksAcknowledged

In the contract `OapRouter` the role `_owner` has authority over the functions shown in the diagram below. Any compromise to the `_owner` account may allow the hacker to take advantage of this authority and: - set any address they control as the owner; - set any address as the new `pancakeRouter`; - set any address as the new `rewardRouter`; - set any token address as whitelisted or non-whitelisted; This could lead to a loss of assets or complete sabotage of the contract. ![](https://accelerator-tasks-prod.acc.corp.certik.com/47bbbe913bd4401da71b840d104cf680/diagrams/centralization_OapRouter-OapRouter-_owner.svg) ----- In the contract `OpenStaking.sol` the role `isOperator` has authority over the following functions: - `addOperator()` - `removeOperator()` - `setUnstakingFee()` - `setUnstakingThreshold()` - `emergencyWithdraw()` Any compromise to an `isOperator` account may allow a hacker to take advantage of this authority and : - set any address they control as an operator; - revoke the operator privilege from any other address; - set the fees to any value less than 20%, those fees will not be transferred to the caller unstaking their `depositToken`; - set any non-zero value as `unstakingThreshold`; - drain all ERC20 tokens from the contract. ----- In the contract `RewardRouterV2.sol`, the role `onlyGov` has authority over the following functions: - `initialize()` - `withdrawToken()` - `batchStakeOpenForAccount()` - `stakeOpenForAccount()` - `compoundForAccount()` - `batchCompoundForAccounts()` Any compromise to an `onlyGov` account may allow a hacker to take advantage of this authority and: - initialize the contract if it has not be done already; - drain all ERC20 from the contract; - open staking for any address; - allow compounding for any address; ----- In the contract `OPEN` the role `_owner` has authority over the functions shown in the diagram below. Any compromise to the `_owner` account may allow the hacker to take advantage of this authority and : - transfer the ownership to an address they control; - mint any amount of token to any address; - burn any amount of token from any address; - blacklist or whitelist any address, both for EOA and contracts; - add or remove any address to the set of `_sellAddresses`; - change the `sellFeeRate`; - add or remove any address to the set of `_exceptionAddresses`; - set any address as the `stakerAddress`; - drain every ERC20 token from the contract. ![](https://accelerator-tasks-prod.acc.corp.certik.com/9fe3bd7dbf554fe2ac1040822258b010/diagrams/centralization_OpenWorld-OPEN-_owner.svg)

HighCentralized Control of Contract UpgradeAcknowledged

`OPEN` is an upgradeable contract, the owner can upgrade the contract without the community's commitment. If an attacker compromises the account, they can change the implementation of the contract and drain tokens from the contract.

HighInitial Token DistributionAcknowledged

All `OPEN` tokens are sent to the address given as an input parameter when initializing the contract. This is a potential centralization risk as the receiver can distribute `OPEN` tokens without the consensus of the community.

HighOperators can remove each otherAcknowledged

In `OpenStaking`, the privileged role `isOperator` has power over functions `addOperator()` and `removeOperator()`. \ Any operator can then remove anyone from the set of operators, if a malicious user acquires the role `isOperator`, they would be able to revoke the privileged role from any other user.

MediumIncompatibility with Deflationary TokensAcknowledged

When transferring deflationary ERC20 tokens, the input amount may not be equal to the received amount due to the charged transaction fee. For example, if a user sends 100 deflationary tokens (with a 10% transaction fee), only 90 tokens actually arrived to the contract. However, a failure to discount such fees may allow the same user to withdraw 100 tokens from the contract, which causes the contract to lose 10 tokens in such a transaction. Reference: https://thoreum-finance.medium.com/what-exploit-happened-today-for-gocerberus-and-garuda-also-for-lokum-ybear-piggy-caramelswap-3943ee23a39f

MediumInitializer Gives Large AllowanceAcknowledged

In `OpenWorld.sol`, when `initialize()` is called the caller will be set as the `owner` of the contract and will also be approved to transfer up to the total supply of `OPEN` tokens from the contract. This allowance will not be revocated nor transferred if the ownership is renounced or transferred.

Contracts in scope

No deployed address is recorded for this audit.

The report names a repository or files. Open the report to see its scope.

Repository and files the report names (6)

  • contracts/core/OrderExecutor.sol
  • contracts/staking/StOPEN.sol
  • contracts/staking/OapRouter.sol
  • contracts/staking/RewardRouterV2.sol
  • contracts/staking/OpenStaking.sol
  • contracts/tokens/OpenWorld.sol

Part of OpenWorld’s security record

OpenWorld
Audits1 audit by 1 firmLast audit May 2023, by CertiK.
Critical findingsNo open critical findingsIn 1 report.
Open OpenWorld’s security record

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